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Competitive pressure from informal firms has always been a threat to the formal enterprises. However, the strategic choices a firm makes to deal with such competitive pressures still remain under-explored. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of informal competitive pressures in driving export propensity of formal firms.

The paper is based on a standard error logistic model, and the model takes into account the contingent relationships along with the primary relationship. The authors draw the sample of 9,812 manufacturing firms spanning across the Indian sub-continent from the World Bank enterprise survey conducted in the year 2014.

The empirical results indicated that the level of competition from informal firms is positively associated with the propensity to export. The primary relationship is also affected by various contingent factors such as regulatory obstacles, bribery and new product development.

Although the World Bank enterprise survey data provide a broad coverage, the study warranted few proxy measures in order to operationalize formal competition as it was not captured directly in the concerned data set.

The analysis demonstrates that informal competition has direct effect on the firm’s propensity to export. The findings indicate that export is an attractive action alternative for firms facing informal completion in an emerging economy. The results further indicate that this effect strengthens as institutional factors such as regulatory obstacles and bribery increase.

The paper is an attempt to alter the prevailing negative view on informality. The findings indicate that informal competition spurs competitiveness in the formal sector indicating its positive role in the economic growth of the nation.

The paper takes cue from attention-based view of the firm and the institutional escapism logic to affirm the role of informal competition and various contingent institutional and strategic factors in driving export propensity.

The purpose of this study is to provide a broad understanding of the pre-completion stage and subsequent abandonment of mergers and acquisitions (M&As).

A total of 117 peer-reviewed, English language articles published in scholarly journals were considered in the review. The approach includes a descriptive evaluation of the literature, coupled with content analysis. The paper uses both positivist and constructivist approaches to qualitative research. The analysis is conducted with the help of R programming and Gephi visualization software. The authors organize the work around the event of outcome/closure of deal proposal.

It is found that earlier studies sampled on domestic M&As in developed economies (DEs). However, the interest of scholars has increased in cross-border deals and emerging economies (EEs) in the last decade. Various factors interact and facilitate the completion/abandonment of good and bad deals. The authors find that complex non-linear relationships exist, and there is a need for studies with other classification techniques focusing on predictive accuracy.

The literature review is limited to articles available to the researcher using search terms related to M&A completion/termination. The databases accessed were: ProQuest, Scopus and Web of Science. However, backward snowballing was performed to avoid the omission of relevant articles.

The findings and subsequent discussions familiarize researchers and practitioners with an overview of research undertaken in the field of M&A abandonment. The authors find voids within the literature and suggest future research agendas.